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TURDIDAE

Order Passeriformes    Family Turdidae

Thrushes are plump, soft-plumaged, small to medium-sized birds, inhabiting wooded areas, and often feed on the ground or eat small fruit. Most species are gray or brown in color, often with speckled underparts. Even if the adults do not have these speckles, the juveniles often will. They are insectivorous, but most species also eat worms, snails, and fruit. Thrushes build cup-shaped nests, sometimes lining them with mud. They lay two to five speckled eggs, sometimes laying two or more clutches per year. Both parents help in raising the young. The songs of some species are considered to be among the most beautiful in the avian world.

The thrushes are presented on the following web pages:
1) Geokichla and Zoothera    2) Bluebirds                     3) Solitaires
4) Nigthingale-Thrushes        5) True thrushes (Turdus)  6) Miscellaneous


Geokichla, Zoothera

.The species in these two genus are sometimes combined into just the Zoothera genus.

Genus Cataponera - 1 species

Thrush,_Sulawesi  Cataponera turdoides  Found: Indonesia
Image by: 1) Adolf Meyer  2) Francesco Veronesi 



Genus Geokichla
Many of these species are consider part of Genus Zoothera.

Thrush,_Abyssinian_Ground-  Geokichla piaggiae  Found: northeast Africa
The Abyssinian Ground-Thrush has olive-brown upperparts; some rufous-orange on head, face; white eye-ring; orangish breast. The Kivu Ground-Thrush is often consider conspecific with the Abyssinian Ground-thrush.
  Image by: 1) Mike_Barth  2) Kevin O'Grady  3) Dick Daniels  4) Ken_Clifton


Thrush,_Ashy  Geokichla cinerea  Found: Philippines
Image by: 1) Doing Big Year 


Thrush,_Black-eared_Ground-    Geokichla camaronensis  Found: Cameroon, DRC, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Uganda
Image by: 1) Schmidt


Thrush,_Buru  Geokichla dumasi  Found: Buru, Indonesia
Image by: 1) Marcel_Holyoak


Thrush,_Chestnut-backed   Geokichla dohertyi Found: Indonesia
Image by: 1) Bardrock - Edinburgh Zoo  2) Chris and Angela Pye  3) Josh_More


Thrush,_Chestnut-capped  Geokichla interpres  Found: Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines
The Chestnut-capped Thrush has a black back; white belly with black spots; chestnut cap, nape; black face with whitish cheeks; black throat
Image by: 1) Nicolas Le Jeune  2) Weng Liew - Malaysia


Thrush,_Crossley's_Ground-    Geokichla crossleyi  Found: Cameroon, Congo, Nigeria
Image by: 1) John_Gerrard_Keulemans


Thrush,_Enggano  Geokichla leucolaema  Found: Enggano Island in Indonesia
Image by: 1, 2) Filip Verbelen


Thrush,_Gray Ground-  Geokichla princei  Found: Africa
image by: 1) John Gerrarde Keulemans  2) Terese Hart


Thrush,_Kivu_Ground-    Geokichla tanganjicae  Found: DR Congo, Rwanda, Uganda
The Kivu Ground-Thrush is often consider conspecific with the Abyssinian Ground-thrush.

Thrush,_Oberlaender's_Ground-    Geokichla oberlaenderi  Found: DR Congo, Uganda
The Oberlaender's Ground-Thrush has rufous or orange-brown upperparts; rufous-chestnut forehead, cheeks; brown tail; rufous-orange throat, breast; broken white eye-ring; black bill.
Image by: 1) hbw.com


Thrush,_Orange-banded also Orange-sided Thrush Geokichla peronii  Found: Timor island, southern Maluku Islands
Image by: 1) French Museum of Natural History  2) James Eaton  3) Dubi_Shapiro


Thrush,_Orange_Ground-  Geokichla gurneyi  Found: Africa
The male Orange Ground-Thrush has olive-brown upperparts; blackish-brown flight feathers; 2 white wing-bars; orange throat, breast, flanks; white vent; incomplete white eye-ring.
Image by:  1) pjreddy 13 2) Alan Manson


Thrush,_Orange-headed  Geokichla citrina  Found: southeast Asia, Malaysia
The male Orange-headed Thrush has gray upperparts; orange head, underparts. Female has browner upperparts.
Image by:  1) Charles Lam  2) Adrian Pingstone - aviary     3) JJ Harrison - Khao Yai National Park, Thailand 4) Koshy_Koshy - India  5) Andy Li  
1, 2) Female  3, 4, 5) Male



Thrush,_Pied  Geokichla wardii  Found: India, Sri Lanka
The male Pied Thrush has mainly black upperparts; browner near the tail; black throat, upper-breast; white spotted lower-breast, belly. Female olive-brown with spots. Both have light supercilium.
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans  2) Koshy_Koshy  3) Nagesh Kamath  4) Arpit_Bansal


Thrush,_Red-and-black  Geokichla mendeni  Found: Indonesian islands of Taliabu and Peleng
Image by: 1) James_Eaton


Thrush,_Rusty-backed  also  Red-backed Thrush  Geokichla erythronota  Found: Indonesia
Image by: 1) Unox  2) Francesco Veronesi


Thrush,_Seram    Geokichla joiceyi Found: island of Seram in Indonesia
Image by: 1) Pierre-Henri_Fabre


Thrush,_Siberian  Geokichla sibirica  Found: Asia, Indonesia
The male Siberian Thrush has dark blue-gray upperparts; lighter underparts; white supercilium. Female is lighter and browner; white spots on underparts; white throat.
Image by: 1) Hiyashi Haka   2) Matej Batha   3) M Nishimura   4) Lin_Sun_Fong - Taiwan
1, 2) Female  3, 4) Male


Thrush,_Slaty-backed  Geokichla schistacea  Found: Tanimbar Islands of Indonesia
1) Charles Davies


Thrush,_Spotted_Ground-  Geokichla guttata  Found: Africa
Image by: 1) Eric_Gropo  2) Bob_Adams


Thrush,_Spot-winged  Geokichla spiloptera Found: Sri Lanka
The Spot-winged Thrush has brown upperparts; white spotted double wing-bar; white underparts with many dark spots; black bill; yellow legs.
Image by: 1) David Cook - Sri Lanka 2) Thimindu Goonatillake - Sri Lanka



Genus Neocossyphus
Found : Africa

Thrush,_Finsch's_Flycather   Neocossyphus finschii  Found: Sierra Leone, Liberia, Ghana, Benin, and Nigeria.
The Finsch's Thrush is considerd by some to be a subspecies of the Fraser's Rufous Thrush.
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans
1) Top: Rufous Flycatcher Thrush; Bottom: Finsch's Flycatcher Thrush  2) Nik_Borrow


Thrush,_Red-tailed_Ant  Neocossyphus rufus  Found: Africa
The Red-tailed Ant-thrush has brown upperparts; rufous underparts; rufous edged tail.
Image by: 1) Tony Knight - Uganda


Thrush,_Rufous_Flycatcher  Neocossyphus fraseri  Found: Africa
The Finsch's Rufous Thrush is considerd by some to be a subspecies of the Fraser's Rufous Thrush.
Image by: 1) John Gerrard Keulemans  2, 3) Nik Borrow
1) Top: Rufous Flycatcher Thrush; Bottom: Finsch's Flycatcher Thrush


Thrush,_White-tailed_Ant Neocossyphus poensis  Found: Africa
The White-tailed Ant-thrush has brown upperparts; rufous underparts; white edged tail.
Image by: 1) Lee Hunter



Genus Zoothera

Geomalia  Zoothera heinrichi  also  Geomalia heinrichi  Found: Sulawesi, Indonesia
The Geomalia has mainly dark brown plumage; chestnut breast
Image by: 1) Tremarctos


Thrush,_Alpine  Zoothera mollissima  Found: India, China, southeast Asia
The Plain-backed Thrush has been split into the Alpine Thrush (Zoothera mollissima) and the Himalayan Thrush (Zoothera salimalii).
Image by: 1) Balaji Venkatesh.  2) Kannan - India


Thrush,_Bassian  also  Olive-tailed Thrush  Zoothera lunulata  Found: Australia
The Bassian Thrush has brown to olive upperparts; white eye-ring; black bars on back, rump, head; paler underparts with dark scalloping.
Image by: 1) Glen Fergus in the Gibraltar Range NP, New South Wales  2, 4) JJ Harrison - Tasmania, Australia   3) David Cook - Rocky Hall, NSW, Australia  5) Tom Tarrant - Queensland



Thrush,_Dark-sided  Zoothera marginata  Found: Asia
The Dark-sided Thrush has mainly brown plumage; dark brown head; rufous-brown wings; brown and white breast; white eye-ring; whitish throat, chin.
Image by: 1) JJ Harrison - Thailand  2) Graham Ekins - Thailand


Thrush,_Everett's    Zoothera everetti  Found: Borneo
Image by: 1) Rob_Hutchinson


Thrush,_Fawn-breasted  Zoothera machiki  Found: Indonesia
Image by: 1) Joseph Smit  2) Dubi_Shapiro


Thrush,_Guadalcanal  Zoothera turipavae  Found: Solomon Islands
Image by: 1) hbw.com


Thrush,_Himalayan  Zoothera salimalii  Found: India, China, southeast Asia
The Plain-backed Thrush has been split into the Alpine Thrush (Zoothera mollissima) and the Himalayan Thrush (Zoothera salimalii). The Alpine Thrush breeds above the tree line whereas the Himalayan Thrush breeds in forested habitats.
Image by: 1) Craig_Brelsford - China


Thrush,_Long-billed  Zoothera monticola  Found: Asia
Image by: 1) Umeshsrinivasan  2) Ajit_Hota  3) Shrikant_Rao - India


Thrush,_Long-tailed  Zoothera dixoni  Found: Asia
Image by: 1) Mark_Gurney  2) Francesco_Veronesi


Thrush,_Makira  also San Cristobal Thrush  Zoothera margaretae  Found: Solomon Islands
Image by: 1) hbw.com


Thrush,_New_Britain  Zoothera talaseae  Found: New Britain, Umboi and Bougainville (Islands of New Guinea)
The Bougainville Thrush (Zoothera t. atrigena) is also considered to be a separate species (Zoothera atrigena)
Image by: 1) Katerina_Tvardikova  2) hbw.com


Thrush,_Nilgiri  Zoothera neilgherriensis  Found: India
Nilgiri Thrush has black scaling on pale background. A black band on the white under-wings is visible during flight. The Nilgiri Thrush and Sri Lanka Thrush also considereda subspecies of the Scaly Thrush.
Image by: 1) Prashanth_Poojary


Thrush,_Russet-tailed  Zoothera heinei  Found: Australia, New Guinea
Image by: 1, 2) Katerina_Tvardikova  3) Tom_Tarrant


Thrush,_Scaly Zoothera dauma  Found: It breeds in wet coniferous taiga, mainly in the Himalayas through Malaysia
Nilgiri Thrush has black scaling on pale background. A black band on the white under-wings is visible during flight. The Nilgiri Thrush and Sri Lanka Thrush also considereda subspecies of the Scaly Thrush.
Image by: 1) Jason_Thompson - Thailand  2) JJ Harrison - Chiang Mai, Thailand  3) Hiyashi Haka  4) Shrikant_Rao - India
3) Z. d. horsfieldi


Thrush,_Sri_Lanka  Zoothera imbricata  Found: Sri Lanka
Nilgiri Thrush has black scaling on rufous background.  The Nilgiri Thrush and Sri Lanka Thrush also considereda subspecies of the Scaly Thrush.
Image by: 1) Thimindu Goonatillake


Thrush,_Sunda   Zoothera andromedae  Found: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines
Image by: 1) Lip_Kee 


Thrush,_White's   Zoothera aurea  Found: mainly in eastern Asia and Siberia
Image by: 1, 2) Lin_Sun_Fong - Taiwan






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